\(\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\P}{\mathcal P} \newcommand{\brac}[1]{\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\matrixx}[1]{\begin{bmatrix}#1\end{bmatrix}} \newcommand{\vmatrixx}[1]{\begin{vmatrix}#1\end{vmatrix}} \newcommand{\limn}{\lim_{n\to\infty}} \newcommand{\nul}{\mathop{\mathrm{Nul}}} \newcommand{\col}{\mathop{\mathrm{Col}}} \newcommand{\rank}{\mathop{\mathrm{Rank}}} \newcommand{\dis}{\displaystyle} \newcommand{\spann}{\mathop{\mathrm{span}}} \newcommand{\range}{\mathop{\mathrm{range}}} \newcommand{\inner}[1]{\langle #1 \rangle} \newcommand{\innerr}[1]{\left\langle #1 \right\rangle} \newcommand{\qed}{\quad \blacksquare} \newcommand{\sumn}{\sum_{n=0}^\infty} \newcommand{\sumk}{\sum_{k=0}^\infty} \newcommand{\abs}[1]{\left|#1\right|} \renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \) Math1014 Tutorial (Spring 12-13): $\{b^n\}\ll \{n!\}\ll n^n$

Wednesday, April 17, 2013

$\{b^n\}\ll \{n!\}\ll n^n$

Fact 1. Let $b>0$, we have $\dis \limn \frac{b^n}{n!}=0$.
Proof. Let $x_n=b^n/n!$. Since $\limn x_{n+1}/x_n = \limn  \frac{b}{n+1}=0$, by ratio test, $\sum_{n=1}^\infty x_n$ converges, by divergence test, $\limn x_n=0$.$\qed$

Fact 2.  $\dis \limn \frac{n!}{n^n}=0$.
Proof. Observe that \[

\frac{n!}{n^n}=\brac{\frac{n}{n}\cdot \frac{n-1}{n}\cdot \frac{n-2}{n}\cdots \cdot \frac{2}{n}}\cdot \frac{1}{n}\leq \brac{1\cdot 1\cdots 1}\frac{1}{n}=\frac{1}{n},

\] so by Sandwich theorem, $\dis \limn \frac{n!}{n^n}=0$.$\qed$

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